The fear of death often drives people to deny its inevitability, until they are confronted with the painful truth that both they and their loved ones will one day die. Yet recent breakthroughs in biology offer a glimmer of hope, suggesting that humans may one day live much longer—or even that death could eventually be overcome.
The global market for longevity and anti-aging therapies was valued at $25.1 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow to $44.2 billion by 2030, according to Allied Market Research. Unlike traditional medications, biohacking treatments, such as ozone therapy and supplements like NAD+, are not subject to the same rigorous FDA testing and approval before reaching consumers.
As the market for longevity treatments grows, so does the interest in understanding the biological mechanisms of aging—an exploration that is at the heart of Venki Ramakrishnan’s work.
Ramakrishnan, 72, a Nobel laureate and leading microbiologist, takes readers of his new book on a captivating journey into the frontiers of biology, exploring whether mortality is truly inevitable. Based in Cambridge, U.K., he is best known for his groundbreaking work on the ribosome, the molecular machine that helps cells produce proteins from genetic information. He also served as president of the Royal Society, the world’s oldest scientific academy.
In “Why We Die,” Ramakrishnan highlights the rapid growth in aging research, noting that more than 300,000 scientific papers on the subject have been published in the past decade, and over 700 startups have poured billions into the quest to extend human life. Drawing on recent advances, he examines efforts to slow or reverse aging by manipulating human biology, while also questioning whether death plays a necessary role in nature. The book offers a thoughtful and accessible exploration of the scientific, ethical, and societal implications of the pursuit of immortality.
Ramakrishnan’s top 3 lifestyle choices for healthy aging
As he ages, Nobel laureate Venki Ramakrishnan prioritizes three simple, evidence-based habits that he believes are essential for healthy aging.
Eating a balanced, nutrient-rich diet
Ramakrishnan advocates for a Mediterranean-style diet, which has been linked to numerous health benefits, including longer life. He emphasizes the importance of eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.
In contrast, diets high in ultra-processed foods have been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The key to his approach is portion control, which he says plays a significant role in maintaining overall health as we age.
Cycling and regular exercise
Daily physical activity is central to Ramakrishnan’s health routine. He cycles at least 10 kilometers (about 6 miles) each day and also incorporates strength training and aerobic exercises into his weekly regimen.
Studies support his approach: a 2022 study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that adults who combined weightlifting with 150 to 300 minutes of aerobic exercise per week had a 41% lower risk of death compared to sedentary individuals.
Getting enough sleep
Ramakrishnan believes sleep is often underestimated in its importance. He aims for eight hours of rest each night, which he says is crucial for the body’s repair and regeneration processes.
Research underscores his view: a 2023 study presented at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session found that quality sleep could extend life expectancy. The study revealed that men who reported consistently good sleep habits lived an average of 4.7 years longer, while women with similar habits lived 2.4 years longer.
By following these simple habits—eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and prioritizing sleep—Ramakrishnan aims to improve his own health as he ages, offering a model for others looking to extend their longevity.
