Atty. Ma Lourdes Villamar Mangaoang

Power, Politics, and Port Control: A History of the Philippine Bureau of Customs

Before the discovery of the islands in the Pacific by Spain, the inhabitants of what is now the Philippines mere ruled by village chieftains called datus. Chinese merchants came to the islands and traded silk, porcelain and other Chinese items. The datus collected tributes from these Chinese merchants. After Spain colonized the islands, trading continued…

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